MOST DANGEROUS LIZARS

  MOST DANGEROUS LIZARS Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles that belong to the order Squamata, which also includes snakes. They have scaly skin, four legs (except for some legless species), movable eyelids, and external ear openings. They are mostly carnivorous and have various adaptations to avoid predators, such as venom, camouflage, and tail regeneration. There are more than 7,000 species of lizards in the world, living in different habitats and climates. Some of the most well-known lizards are the Komodo dragon, the chameleon, the gecko, and the iguana. Lizards are not dangerous to humans, however, some lizards are poisonous and can harm a person if they are touched or bitten by these reptiles. Certain lizards, such as the Komodo dragon, can grow to large sizes and have been known to attack and kill people. Most lizards, in reality, are harmless to humans, as are most turtles; however, there are certain members of both groups that can kill, maim, make ill, or inflict at...
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MALABAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

MALABAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


GENERAL INFORMATION


Malabar wildlife sanctuary is in the Koyilandy Taluk of the Kozhikode District, Kerala  state (India). It was constituted as a wildlife sanctuary in 2009 by G.O.(P) 26/2009/F&WLD dated 05.09.2009. Its area is 74.215015 square kilometer. The sanctuary is the catchment area of Kuttiady river. The area
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malabar wildlife sanctuary
of this sanctuary were private forests, which were vested in Government as per the Kerala Private Forests (vesting and assignments) Act 1971. More forest areas are to be included in the protected area subject to finalisation of procedures as per the Kerala Forests (Vesting and Management of Ecological Fragile Lands) Act, 2003.

ACCESS


The office of the Asst.Wildlife Warden is in Peruvannamuzhi which is 52 kilometers away from Kozhikode city. Nearest railway station is Vatakara and nearest airport is Kozhikode.

HISTORY


It is believed that the places of this sanctuary were under the control of Ganga Dynesty of Mysore, till 930 AD. During 17th century Wodeyar kings of Mysore held authority over these areas. Later it came to the control of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sulthan. Hyder Ali handed over these areas to Pazhassi Raja on certain conditions. Britishers claimed this area but Pazhassi Raja denied this claim. On the death of Tipu Sulthan, the entire area came to the control of Britishers. Britishers declared this area as reserve forests and private forests owned by Janmies (locan land lords). By 1859 the Government took steps to bring the entire area to the direct control of it.

FORESTS


The West Coast Tropical Evergreen Forests, West Coast Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests, South Indian Moist Deciduous Forests and Southern Hilltop Evergreen Forests are the four types of forests found in this sanctuary. In addition to this 323 hectors of area in this sanctuary is covered by teak and cashew plantations. Patches of eucalyptus plantations are also seen in this sanctuary.

SIGNIFICANCE


As the sanctuary lies in the Western  Ghats, the world famous biodiversity rich area, the importance of the conservation of this sanctuary is significant. Numbers of endemic and threatened species is very high in this area compared to the nearby places. The exclusive endemic frog species 'Reed frog' is recorded only from this sanctuary. Forests of Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary feed the Kuttiary river which has two reservoirs, Peruvannamuzhi and Kakkayam.

RAIN FALL


Annual average rainfall within the sanctuary varies from 3800mm to 5500mm.

TEMPERATURE


The temperature varies from 16 degree Celsius to 38 degree Celsius. The hottest months are April and May.

BIODIVERSITY OF MALABAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY


Flora in the sanctuary comprise the following category;

Angiosperms      : 680 Species
Grasses               : 39 Species
Orchids                : 22 Species
Legumes             : 28 Species
Liverworts           : 28 Species
Mosses                : 24 Species

Important fauna species are given below:

MAMMALS


Lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri langur, Brown palm civet, Palm civet / toddy cat, Stripe-necked mangoose, the common mangoos / Indian grey mangoos, Malabar giant squirrel, The jackal, Indian wild dog, Sloth bear, Indian porcupine, Flying fox, Painted bat, Tiger, Leopard / Panther, Leopard cat, The Indian elephant, Indian wild boar, Goar / Indian bison, Sambar, Dushy striped squirrel, Malabar spiny dormouse.

BIRDS


Malabar grey hornbill, Indian blue Rubin, Common golden-backed wood pecker, Darter or Snake bird, Great cormorant, Little cormorant, Cattle egret, Little egret, Indian pond heron, Great egret, Rey jungle fowl, Little grebe, Red spur fowl, Nilgiri wood-pigeon, Ceylon frogmouth, Grey-breasted laughing thrush, Rufus-breasted / Black-chinned laughing thrush, Nilgiri pipit, Crested serpent eagle, Black-eagle, Common kestrel, Oriental honey buzzard, Crested goshawk, Western marsh harrier, Brahminy kite, Shikra, Changeable hawk eagle, Indian rofous-roufous treepie, White-bellied blue flycatcher, Nilgiri flycatcher, Malabar parakeet, Blue winged parakeet

REPTILES


Travancore tortoise, South Indian flying dragon / Draco, Dark spoted giant gecko / Spoted rock gecko, Indian garden lizaed, Malabar green calotes, Malabar olive brown calotes, Common Indian skink, Indian monitor lizaed, Indian rock python, Common krait, Spectacled cobra / Indian common cobra, King cobra, Malabar rock pit viper, Green / Bamboo pit viper.

AMPHIBIANS


Common Indian toad, Malabar tree toad, Ornate narrow-mouthed frog, Dark-eared bush frog, Reed bush frog, Malabar flying frog, Plain green bush frog.

FISHES


Indian long-fin eel, Malabar baril, Yellow mahseer / blue-finned mahseer, Rosy barb / Red barb, Striped dwarf catfish, Genetic mystus, Indian buffer catfish, White-spotted spinny eel, Mottled nandus / Leaf fish, Orange chromide / Spotted etroplus, Climbing perch, Giant snakehead, Asiatic snakehead / Dwarf snakehead, Miss Kerala fish / Redline torpedo barb.

DRAGON / DAMSEL FLIES


Crimson marsh glider, Globe skimmer, Golden dart let

BUTTERFLIES


Angled castor, Bamboo tree brown, Black vein sergeant, Blue admiral, Blue tiger, Chestnut streaked sailor, Chocolate pansy, Clipper, Common albatross, Common baron, Common bush brown, Common caster, Common map, Gaudy brown, Great egg fly, Grey count, Lemon pansy, Nigger, Plain common tiger, Striped tiger, Common nawab, Malabar rose, Common blue bottle, Crimson rose, Common rose, Paris peacock, Common jay, Blue Mormon, Lime butterfly, The Malabar raven, Southern bird wing, Tailed jay, Red Helen, Common mime, Common gull, Common wanderer, Psyche chocolate albatross, Giant redeye, Grass demon, Plum judy, Malabar tree nymph.

BEST TIME TO VISIT


December-may

ACCOMMODATION


There are no accommodation facilities available in the Malabar wildlife sanctuary at present. So, better to look stay options at the nearest town. Accommodation facilities are available at Perambra which is 15 Km. away and at Balussery which is 35 Km. away from the sanctuary.

CONTACT DETAILS


Range Forest Officer
Peruvannamuzhi Forest Range
P.O.Peruvannamuzhy
Kozhikode District, Kerala (India)
Ph: 0496-2249014

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